1 00:00:33,920 --> 00:00:30,290 ten-nine go for main engine start we 2 00:00:38,510 --> 00:00:33,930 have main engine start four three two 3 00:00:40,700 --> 00:00:38,520 one zero and liftoff liftoff of the 4 00:01:17,980 --> 00:00:40,710 space shuttle and it has cleared the 5 00:01:21,050 --> 00:01:20,270 hello and welcome aboard the space 6 00:01:23,630 --> 00:01:21,060 shuttle Endeavour 7 00:01:26,450 --> 00:01:23,640 for we're orbiting almost 300 kilometers 8 00:01:28,639 --> 00:01:26,460 above the earth our primary mission on 9 00:01:32,179 --> 00:01:28,649 this flight was to deploy a tracking and 10 00:01:35,300 --> 00:01:32,189 data relay satellite or TDRs feeders for 11 00:01:36,950 --> 00:01:35,310 short and when it becomes operational it 12 00:01:38,899 --> 00:01:36,960 will relay communications between 13 00:01:45,109 --> 00:01:38,909 orbiting spacecraft and tracking 14 00:01:54,789 --> 00:01:45,119 stations on the ground a few days ago we 15 00:02:00,080 --> 00:01:57,380 but deploying tigress wasn't our only 16 00:02:02,090 --> 00:02:00,090 mission on this flight two of our crew 17 00:02:03,859 --> 00:02:02,100 members put on the protective Evo suits 18 00:02:10,160 --> 00:02:03,869 and went outside the orbiter on an 19 00:02:11,780 --> 00:02:10,170 important space law science experiments 20 00:02:14,259 --> 00:02:11,790 to conduct but for one of our 21 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:14,269 experiments we brought along some toys 22 00:02:18,500 --> 00:02:16,890 each of these toys work because of 23 00:02:21,320 --> 00:02:18,510 important scientific and mathematical 24 00:02:34,339 --> 00:02:21,330 principles principles that we often take 25 00:02:44,360 --> 00:02:34,349 for granted on the ground that means 26 00:02:46,339 --> 00:02:44,370 that everything around if you don't 27 00:02:49,309 --> 00:02:46,349 understand microgravity your teacher can 28 00:02:51,740 --> 00:02:49,319 help you out but for now we need you to 29 00:02:53,660 --> 00:02:51,750 help us with these experiments we want 30 00:02:55,940 --> 00:02:53,670 to find out if the toys act differently 31 00:02:57,770 --> 00:02:55,950 in space than they do on earth but first 32 00:03:01,759 --> 00:02:57,780 we have to know how they work on earth 33 00:03:03,830 --> 00:03:01,769 this is where we need your help we want 34 00:03:06,080 --> 00:03:03,840 you to experiment the same kinds of toys 35 00:03:07,940 --> 00:03:06,090 we have here on the shuttle then when 36 00:03:09,379 --> 00:03:07,950 you become experts with them try to 37 00:03:11,390 --> 00:03:09,389 predict how they will act in 38 00:03:13,460 --> 00:03:11,400 microgravity after you've made your 39 00:03:16,059 --> 00:03:13,470 predictions what do we do with the toy 40 00:03:18,580 --> 00:03:16,069 and see if you were right 41 00:03:20,649 --> 00:03:18,590 remember this is a team effort and we're 42 00:03:36,069 --> 00:03:20,659 counting on you to make our experiment a 43 00:03:38,440 --> 00:03:36,079 success in this scene here I'm trying to 44 00:03:40,059 --> 00:03:38,450 get the rat to flip on my hand but as 45 00:03:42,039 --> 00:03:40,069 you can see what happens instead is that 46 00:03:44,500 --> 00:03:42,049 his legs push against my hand and he 47 00:03:47,020 --> 00:03:44,510 spins up and away now in the next scene 48 00:03:49,059 --> 00:03:47,030 what I did was tape his feet to a book 49 00:03:51,670 --> 00:03:49,069 now the book is so much more massive 50 00:03:54,009 --> 00:03:51,680 than the rat that when the rat pushes on 51 00:03:56,199 --> 00:03:54,019 it with his feet the book turns only 52 00:03:58,179 --> 00:03:56,209 very slowly and the rat because he's 53 00:04:11,839 --> 00:03:58,189 taped cannot jump up and away like he 54 00:04:17,940 --> 00:04:14,670 watch what happens when the suction cup 55 00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:17,950 releases now see the spring jumper takes 56 00:04:39,360 --> 00:04:21,370 off we'll watch it again and boy look 57 00:04:41,460 --> 00:04:39,370 how fast that travels across this the 58 00:04:44,280 --> 00:04:41,470 big question with this scene is will the 59 00:04:46,290 --> 00:04:44,290 Frog swim as well in air as he does in 60 00:04:48,180 --> 00:04:46,300 water well if you watch the picture here 61 00:04:49,950 --> 00:04:48,190 you'll notice that no he does not 62 00:04:51,900 --> 00:04:49,960 I try all different ways of getting that 63 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:51,910 frog to swim in a straight line but 64 00:04:56,730 --> 00:04:54,250 because the air is much less dense than 65 00:05:09,730 --> 00:04:56,740 water I can't get him to do it so the 66 00:05:14,270 --> 00:05:12,230 we'll take a look at the submarine here 67 00:05:15,920 --> 00:05:14,280 and I'll let it go and you can see that 68 00:05:18,500 --> 00:05:15,930 as it turns through the air both the 69 00:05:20,150 --> 00:05:18,510 propeller and the submarine turn instead 70 00:05:23,360 --> 00:05:20,160 of in the water where only the propeller 71 00:05:24,980 --> 00:05:23,370 turns now I'll take a look at what 72 00:05:26,630 --> 00:05:24,990 happens if I hold on to the propeller 73 00:05:31,730 --> 00:05:26,640 and you can see that the submarine turns 74 00:05:33,770 --> 00:05:31,740 around it both go and it takes off one 75 00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:33,780 more time this time I've attached small 76 00:05:39,410 --> 00:05:36,210 pieces of paper on to the propeller to 77 00:05:43,070 --> 00:05:39,420 make the propeller larger and we'll see 78 00:05:49,340 --> 00:05:43,080 what happens when we let this go I'll 79 00:05:54,050 --> 00:05:49,350 move back so we can get a really takes 80 00:05:55,730 --> 00:05:54,060 off we've taped a pen on to the end of 81 00:05:57,260 --> 00:05:55,740 the submarine propeller to see what 82 00:05:59,360 --> 00:05:57,270 would happen and if the submarine would 83 00:06:01,460 --> 00:05:59,370 change the way it moved well it turns 84 00:06:03,650 --> 00:06:01,470 out that it did as you can tell it flops 85 00:06:06,830 --> 00:06:03,660 around quite a bit more we had a harder 86 00:06:09,410 --> 00:06:06,840 time keeping it under control let's look 87 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:09,420 at the swimming fish now this fish swims 88 00:06:12,230 --> 00:06:11,370 real well in water but watch what's 89 00:06:14,150 --> 00:06:12,240 happening now 90 00:06:17,980 --> 00:06:14,160 he's really struggling and not getting 91 00:06:22,540 --> 00:06:17,990 anywhere just sort of floating around 92 00:06:28,580 --> 00:06:26,180 well try it one more time whoops I think 93 00:06:31,340 --> 00:06:28,590 I had a little rotation and he's turning 94 00:06:32,870 --> 00:06:31,350 around just sort of flopping around not 95 00:06:37,550 --> 00:06:32,880 really getting anywhere it's trying to 96 00:06:39,350 --> 00:06:37,560 swim through air one of the things you 97 00:06:42,230 --> 00:06:39,360 can do to help the fish swim better in 98 00:06:44,450 --> 00:06:42,240 air is to impress the size of the fin it 99 00:06:46,910 --> 00:06:44,460 also turns out that releasing the fish 100 00:06:49,310 --> 00:06:46,920 very gently has an impact on which 101 00:06:51,170 --> 00:06:49,320 direction the fish will swim I finally 102 00:07:04,779 --> 00:06:51,180 got it right in this scene here and you 103 00:07:08,360 --> 00:07:06,980 we'll look at the flapping bird in 104 00:07:10,520 --> 00:07:08,370 microgravity and you can see what 105 00:07:12,439 --> 00:07:10,530 happens here just flies around in 106 00:07:14,390 --> 00:07:12,449 circles it doesn't seem to have any 107 00:07:18,379 --> 00:07:14,400 direction of travel let's look at it 108 00:07:20,959 --> 00:07:18,389 again in slow motion just goes around 109 00:07:26,360 --> 00:07:20,969 doesn't go straight as it does on the 110 00:07:30,860 --> 00:07:26,370 earth in one gravity and it looks like 111 00:07:37,219 --> 00:07:30,870 it's turning around the wings now just 112 00:07:46,679 --> 00:07:37,229 soar it without the wings flapping and 113 00:07:55,709 --> 00:07:53,999 I tried throwing this paper maple seeds 114 00:07:57,899 --> 00:07:55,719 several different ways you can see it 115 00:08:00,119 --> 00:07:57,909 didn't go very well when I threw it 116 00:08:02,399 --> 00:08:00,129 holding on to the wing now I held on to 117 00:08:05,159 --> 00:08:02,409 the bottom and threw it and it turned 118 00:08:08,159 --> 00:08:05,169 just a little bit I finally got the hang 119 00:08:22,290 --> 00:08:08,169 of it you can see a turning now very 120 00:08:27,150 --> 00:08:25,390 I'm throwing the paper boomerang and 121 00:08:29,980 --> 00:08:27,160 we'll see what happens 122 00:08:31,930 --> 00:08:29,990 goes into the side of the wall if there 123 00:08:34,029 --> 00:08:31,940 had been more room I think the paper 124 00:08:36,430 --> 00:08:34,039 boomerang would have come back now this 125 00:08:39,730 --> 00:08:36,440 time I threw it and flipped it with a 126 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:39,740 lot of rotation but not much forward 127 00:08:58,030 --> 00:08:41,330 velocity and it just keeps going 128 00:09:00,340 --> 00:08:58,040 straight boy that thing shot up like a 129 00:09:02,560 --> 00:09:00,350 rocket and that caught me by surprise I 130 00:09:04,150 --> 00:09:02,570 didn't expect that in this microgravity 131 00:09:07,630 --> 00:09:04,160 environment that it would go up to that 132 00:09:09,190 --> 00:09:07,640 quickly even in slow motion it comes off 133 00:09:24,670 --> 00:09:09,200 and hits me in the chest even before I 134 00:09:26,500 --> 00:09:24,680 can react here I have a single graviton 135 00:09:28,360 --> 00:09:26,510 that's floating free in the cabin and 136 00:09:32,950 --> 00:09:28,370 it's spinning you can see it wants to 137 00:09:34,510 --> 00:09:32,960 spin about the wheel inside as well but 138 00:09:36,430 --> 00:09:34,520 I'm trying to get it to tip over and I 139 00:09:38,290 --> 00:09:36,440 can bump it on the sides on the top on 140 00:09:40,329 --> 00:09:38,300 the bottom and I can't make it tip over 141 00:09:43,230 --> 00:09:40,339 it's stable about the axis I let it go 142 00:09:45,700 --> 00:09:43,240 in which is the spin axis up and down 143 00:09:48,010 --> 00:09:45,710 this is the same configuration I've got 144 00:09:50,050 --> 00:09:48,020 one spinning graviton here and I've 145 00:09:52,150 --> 00:09:50,060 oriented it so the spin axis is pointing 146 00:09:53,470 --> 00:09:52,160 at the camera again I'm just bumping it 147 00:09:55,780 --> 00:09:53,480 on the sides and the top and the bottom 148 00:09:58,970 --> 00:09:55,790 and I cannot get at the tip it's stable 149 00:10:00,740 --> 00:09:58,980 about the axis I let it go in 150 00:10:03,319 --> 00:10:00,750 this should be a graphic demonstration 151 00:10:05,329 --> 00:10:03,329 of a spinning and Anan spinning graviton 152 00:10:06,980 --> 00:10:05,339 you see the spinning graviton stays 153 00:10:09,410 --> 00:10:06,990 stable while the other one tends to 154 00:10:13,699 --> 00:10:09,420 tumble end over end because it has no 155 00:10:18,139 --> 00:10:13,709 stable spin axis I'll do this one more 156 00:10:19,759 --> 00:10:18,149 time the one that's not spinning just 157 00:10:24,100 --> 00:10:19,769 tumbles free well the other one 158 00:10:27,170 --> 00:10:24,110 maintains the orientation I let it go in 159 00:10:32,150 --> 00:10:27,180 okay here I have two spinning gravitons 160 00:10:33,800 --> 00:10:32,160 and they're both stable as they spin you 161 00:10:36,139 --> 00:10:33,810 can see this time because they're both 162 00:10:41,840 --> 00:10:36,149 stable they don't tumble either one of 163 00:10:43,850 --> 00:10:41,850 them as you might expect here I have a 164 00:10:45,650 --> 00:10:43,860 curious combination of two gravitons 165 00:10:47,870 --> 00:10:45,660 that are attached together on a wiffle 166 00:10:49,670 --> 00:10:47,880 ball and I have them both spinning in 167 00:10:51,259 --> 00:10:49,680 the same direction so I would think I 168 00:10:53,780 --> 00:10:51,269 would have thought they'd be very stable 169 00:10:55,340 --> 00:10:53,790 in this configuration but because they 170 00:11:01,710 --> 00:10:55,350 weren't perfectly aligned with each 171 00:11:05,850 --> 00:11:04,139 WAM came apart and really gave me a 172 00:11:07,019 --> 00:11:05,860 surprise let's take a look at that in 173 00:11:14,370 --> 00:11:07,029 slow motion you can see how the 174 00:11:18,660 --> 00:11:16,530 now this time I took those two gravitons 175 00:11:21,060 --> 00:11:18,670 and I rotated them in opposite 176 00:11:23,940 --> 00:11:21,070 directions from each other and because 177 00:11:26,670 --> 00:11:23,950 their angular momentum vectors are in 178 00:11:28,770 --> 00:11:26,680 opposite directions their stability axes 179 00:11:30,180 --> 00:11:28,780 cancel each other so I'd expect to be 180 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:30,190 able to let this go and just have it 181 00:11:35,970 --> 00:11:32,650 tumble now obviously I can't make them 182 00:11:37,380 --> 00:11:35,980 both spin exactly the same speed so the 183 00:11:39,030 --> 00:11:37,390 one of them that's gonna have a little 184 00:11:41,340 --> 00:11:39,040 bit of stability but you can see I can 185 00:11:44,220 --> 00:11:41,350 bump this stack and I can make it wobble 186 00:11:46,440 --> 00:11:44,230 around a little bit as I bump it here 187 00:11:48,390 --> 00:11:46,450 you see it will wobble some it has some 188 00:11:50,370 --> 00:11:48,400 tendency for stability but not as much 189 00:11:52,920 --> 00:11:50,380 as a single graviton would have floating 190 00:11:56,430 --> 00:11:52,930 on its own I can make it wobble pretty 191 00:11:58,320 --> 00:11:56,440 wide end over end so having two of them 192 00:12:03,000 --> 00:11:58,330 spinning opposite directions cancelled 193 00:12:08,410 --> 00:12:05,920 now we're getting complicated I have 194 00:12:10,840 --> 00:12:08,420 three gravitons all hooked to the same 195 00:12:13,270 --> 00:12:10,850 wiffleball orthogonal to each other 196 00:12:15,190 --> 00:12:13,280 that is their alignment is 90 degrees to 197 00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:15,200 each other and I'm going to spin them 198 00:12:19,410 --> 00:12:17,450 all in the same direction with reference 199 00:12:23,440 --> 00:12:19,420 to their attachment to the wiffle ball 200 00:12:26,110 --> 00:12:23,450 as I do this you would expect that the 201 00:12:28,060 --> 00:12:26,120 angular momentum vectors of each of the 202 00:12:30,070 --> 00:12:28,070 gravitons would add up to a single 203 00:12:32,860 --> 00:12:30,080 vector which would be right between all 204 00:12:35,020 --> 00:12:32,870 three so as I let this go and it tends 205 00:12:37,660 --> 00:12:35,030 to rotate the only access that it will 206 00:12:39,310 --> 00:12:37,670 rotate around is an axis that you can 207 00:12:40,960 --> 00:12:39,320 see if you put a pencil between all 208 00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:40,970 three of the gravitons it's rotating 209 00:12:45,310 --> 00:12:43,010 about that axis that's equidistance from 210 00:12:48,010 --> 00:12:45,320 all three of them now as it continues to 211 00:12:49,600 --> 00:12:48,020 spin up by the natural character of the 212 00:12:58,470 --> 00:12:49,610 friction in the gravitons it eventually 213 00:13:03,790 --> 00:13:01,720 here's the same combination again I have 214 00:13:05,139 --> 00:13:03,800 three gravitons mounted orthogonal II to 215 00:13:07,329 --> 00:13:05,149 the wiffle ball and I'm going to spin 216 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:07,339 them all up in the same direction and 217 00:13:10,630 --> 00:13:09,050 before I spin them up you can see how 218 00:13:12,340 --> 00:13:10,640 they tumble end-over-end there is no 219 00:13:19,230 --> 00:13:12,350 stability there because none of them are 220 00:13:21,400 --> 00:13:19,240 rotating as I spin all three of them up 221 00:13:23,410 --> 00:13:21,410 initially when I let them go you'll see 222 00:13:31,210 --> 00:13:23,420 them begin to rotate around that same 223 00:13:33,940 --> 00:13:31,220 axis that's right between all three but 224 00:13:35,680 --> 00:13:33,950 one of the gravitons comes off and look 225 00:13:37,900 --> 00:13:35,690 what happens to the remaining two as 226 00:13:40,300 --> 00:13:37,910 that bottom graviton came off the 227 00:13:41,829 --> 00:13:40,310 remaining two gravitons now are rotating 228 00:13:49,389 --> 00:13:41,839 around an axis right between the two of 229 00:13:52,230 --> 00:13:49,399 them again I was here's an experiment 230 00:13:54,670 --> 00:13:52,240 that's a good demonstration of how a non 231 00:13:56,380 --> 00:13:54,680 spinning graviton behaves just like a 232 00:13:58,060 --> 00:13:56,390 ball on the end of a string I can change 233 00:13:59,500 --> 00:13:58,070 the acts of a rotation just like you 234 00:14:04,770 --> 00:13:59,510 could with anything attached to a string 235 00:14:11,100 --> 00:14:08,160 but once I spin this graviton up look 236 00:14:13,260 --> 00:14:11,110 how it maintains that stability around 237 00:14:15,420 --> 00:14:13,270 its rotation axis I can spin it around 238 00:14:18,180 --> 00:14:15,430 and around and it wants to stay in an 239 00:14:21,180 --> 00:14:18,190 orientation so that the spin axis is 240 00:14:25,110 --> 00:14:21,190 parallel to the axis of rotation that 241 00:14:27,810 --> 00:14:25,120 I'm holding the string in now look how I 242 00:14:31,080 --> 00:14:27,820 change the orientation and eventually 243 00:14:34,050 --> 00:14:31,090 the graviton ended up changing the 244 00:14:37,250 --> 00:14:34,060 orientation of its rotation so it 245 00:14:40,890 --> 00:14:37,260 matched the rotation axis of the string 246 00:14:46,570 --> 00:14:40,900 very interesting change in the way the 247 00:14:51,880 --> 00:14:48,280 eventually I'll take it back to a 248 00:14:54,100 --> 00:14:51,890 horizontal rotation so the rotation axis 249 00:14:57,430 --> 00:14:54,110 of the string is vertical and you'll see 250 00:14:59,769 --> 00:14:57,440 the graviton again orient itself so it's 251 00:15:13,750 --> 00:14:59,779 been axis this vertical to match the 252 00:15:15,790 --> 00:15:13,760 rotation I'm making with the string this 253 00:15:17,380 --> 00:15:15,800 rattle back is a very curious device 254 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:17,390 here on the ground because if you rotate 255 00:15:20,370 --> 00:15:19,010 it on a table it will eventually turn 256 00:15:22,300 --> 00:15:20,380 around and spin the opposite direction 257 00:15:24,430 --> 00:15:22,310 what you're seeing here are three 258 00:15:26,949 --> 00:15:24,440 sequences of me spinning it around each 259 00:15:30,040 --> 00:15:26,959 of its axis I spend it end over end with 260 00:15:36,430 --> 00:15:30,050 the fixed side horizontal and then end 261 00:15:38,410 --> 00:15:36,440 over in with the thick side vertical and 262 00:15:40,300 --> 00:15:38,420 then in the last sequence I spin it 263 00:15:42,460 --> 00:15:40,310 around its longest accident and you just 264 00:15:44,319 --> 00:15:42,470 see it spins in no case did it ever turn 265 00:15:50,370 --> 00:15:44,329 around and do the peculiar things it 266 00:16:00,960 --> 00:15:58,710 I was playing with the clacker balls one 267 00:16:02,730 --> 00:16:00,970 afternoon on the shuttle and I had let 268 00:16:05,070 --> 00:16:02,740 them go and they drifted apart and they 269 00:16:07,170 --> 00:16:05,080 did this funny motion so what I tried to 270 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:07,180 do was get that funny motion to repeat 271 00:16:11,700 --> 00:16:09,250 itself I experimented a little bit I 272 00:16:13,140 --> 00:16:11,710 tried various different actions by 273 00:16:15,300 --> 00:16:13,150 spinning them in one direction or the 274 00:16:18,660 --> 00:16:15,310 other I wound up taping the clackers so 275 00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:18,670 they stood apart and then I flipped them 276 00:16:22,110 --> 00:16:20,770 well first end over end and that didn't 277 00:16:25,560 --> 00:16:22,120 seem to repeat the motion that I 278 00:16:28,080 --> 00:16:25,570 accidentally had discovered and then 279 00:16:30,390 --> 00:16:28,090 spinning it around along the axis of the 280 00:16:32,250 --> 00:16:30,400 handle produced the flipping motion that 281 00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:32,260 you see here and that was quite 282 00:16:37,980 --> 00:16:36,130 remarkable as it spun around there was a 283 00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:37,990 little bit of imbalance and it seemed to 284 00:16:59,910 --> 00:16:39,730 flip end over end which was unexpected 285 00:17:03,670 --> 00:17:02,320 before flight I had to practice with the 286 00:17:05,799 --> 00:17:03,680 clacker balls a bit since I had never 287 00:17:07,660 --> 00:17:05,809 played with them before I became quite 288 00:17:13,540 --> 00:17:07,670 proficient in using the clacker balls in 289 00:17:16,030 --> 00:17:13,550 this fashion however while I was able to 290 00:17:18,579 --> 00:17:16,040 get one ball to displace the other on 291 00:17:23,140 --> 00:17:18,589 the ground I was never able to get the 292 00:17:24,790 --> 00:17:23,150 clacker balls to do this in space it was 293 00:17:26,250 --> 00:17:24,800 more difficult to produce this motion 294 00:17:32,020 --> 00:17:26,260 with the balls in this orientation 295 00:17:35,590 --> 00:17:34,090 in this next orientation it was a little 296 00:17:37,690 --> 00:17:35,600 bit easier to get them to even come 297 00:17:41,080 --> 00:17:37,700 close to displacing one another but I 298 00:17:42,580 --> 00:17:41,090 was never really successful I believe it 299 00:17:44,560 --> 00:17:42,590 was easier here because of the 300 00:17:47,080 --> 00:17:44,570 orientation of my arm relative to my 301 00:17:48,790 --> 00:17:47,090 body made it just a bit easier in 302 00:17:54,020 --> 00:17:48,800 getting the balls to behave as I wanted 303 00:17:59,570 --> 00:17:57,290 on earth gravity produced just enough 304 00:18:01,070 --> 00:17:59,580 drag on the stationary ball by weighing 305 00:18:04,190 --> 00:18:01,080 it down just enough so that you could 306 00:18:05,990 --> 00:18:04,200 produce the desired motion that is have 307 00:18:07,700 --> 00:18:06,000 one sit still and the other one spin 308 00:18:09,170 --> 00:18:07,710 around and hit it and then it's staying 309 00:18:29,190 --> 00:18:09,180 still than the other one continuing the 310 00:18:34,180 --> 00:18:32,110 this experiment is the demonstration of 311 00:18:37,480 --> 00:18:34,190 the concept of momentum the racquetball 312 00:18:39,610 --> 00:18:37,490 has less mass than the pool ball and as 313 00:18:42,399 --> 00:18:39,620 a result after a collision it will 314 00:18:44,529 --> 00:18:42,409 always travel faster than the pool ball 315 00:18:46,360 --> 00:18:44,539 even if I throw the pool ball at the 316 00:18:48,039 --> 00:18:46,370 racquet ball here you'll notice it does 317 00:18:50,860 --> 00:18:48,049 move faster because it does have less 318 00:18:54,789 --> 00:18:50,870 mass now if I tape the two of them 319 00:18:57,460 --> 00:18:54,799 together and again hit the racquet ball 320 00:19:01,360 --> 00:18:57,470 with another pool ball you'll see it 321 00:19:03,519 --> 00:19:01,370 curves around the pool ball in his final 322 00:19:05,860 --> 00:19:03,529 demonstration I hit the two pool balls 323 00:19:23,169 --> 00:19:05,870 and because the racquet ball has not 324 00:19:28,279 --> 00:19:25,549 this fallen Cup was one of the more 325 00:19:30,560 --> 00:19:28,289 difficult toys I demonstrated on the 326 00:19:32,239 --> 00:19:30,570 flight you can see that the ball just 327 00:19:35,119 --> 00:19:32,249 won't stay in the cup as it does on 328 00:19:36,830 --> 00:19:35,129 earth of course on earth we have gravity 329 00:19:40,129 --> 00:19:36,840 holding the ball in the cup but in this 330 00:19:42,259 --> 00:19:40,139 microgravity environment when I put the 331 00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:42,269 ball in the cup and then push to hold it 332 00:19:50,239 --> 00:19:48,450 I've actually pushed the ball away so I 333 00:19:55,460 --> 00:19:50,249 never could get the ball to stay inside 334 00:19:57,169 --> 00:19:55,470 the cup we'll try again you can see I 335 00:20:11,749 --> 00:19:57,179 just push on the ball and that pushes 336 00:20:16,019 --> 00:20:14,039 in this scene I try to throw this 337 00:20:17,460 --> 00:20:16,029 ping-pong ball the old-fashioned way but 338 00:20:20,070 --> 00:20:17,470 it doesn't curve down toward the target 339 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:20,080 like I would expect on earth so I have 340 00:20:24,269 --> 00:20:22,210 to change my throwing style I throw it 341 00:20:26,639 --> 00:20:24,279 straight at the target without any twist 342 00:20:28,619 --> 00:20:26,649 at all and then I attempt to throw 343 00:20:30,570 --> 00:20:28,629 another ball with some twist to see if 344 00:20:32,999 --> 00:20:30,580 it changes the direction of the ball as 345 00:20:38,609 --> 00:20:33,009 it goes to the target let me try this 346 00:20:40,230 --> 00:20:38,619 again straight with no spin oops now one 347 00:20:41,909 --> 00:20:40,240 thing you'll have to remember is that 348 00:20:43,739 --> 00:20:41,919 the velcro of the ball does have to 349 00:20:46,799 --> 00:20:43,749 touch the target let me try this again 350 00:20:48,749 --> 00:20:46,809 there we go and then I'll throw it one 351 00:20:52,730 --> 00:20:48,759 more time with some spin to see if the 352 00:20:56,669 --> 00:20:52,740 trajectory toward the target curves 353 00:20:58,769 --> 00:20:56,679 looks to me like it did a little bit now 354 00:21:00,779 --> 00:20:58,779 in this scene I take the target off of 355 00:21:03,539 --> 00:21:00,789 the lockers so that it's free-floating 356 00:21:05,970 --> 00:21:03,549 and this is a good demonstration of how 357 00:21:09,090 --> 00:21:05,980 one object will react when you hit it 358 00:21:12,090 --> 00:21:09,100 with another object in space now it's 359 00:21:13,830 --> 00:21:12,100 floating around in part because of the 360 00:21:15,659 --> 00:21:13,840 way that the first ball hit it so I'll 361 00:21:18,029 --> 00:21:15,669 throw another ball to try to change the 362 00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:18,039 direction of the floating I got it to 363 00:21:36,010 --> 00:21:33,640 horseshoes doesn't played the same way 364 00:21:38,110 --> 00:21:36,020 in space as it is on earth here I try to 365 00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:38,120 throw a shoe the old-fashioned way and 366 00:21:42,750 --> 00:21:40,010 as you can see that without the effect 367 00:21:44,670 --> 00:21:42,760 of gravity this shoe just bounces off I 368 00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:44,680 try it one more time 369 00:21:49,300 --> 00:21:47,810 just to demonstrate the point and then I 370 00:21:51,370 --> 00:21:49,310 decide I'm going to change my technique 371 00:21:53,380 --> 00:21:51,380 instead of throwing the shoe right at 372 00:21:55,210 --> 00:21:53,390 the pole I'm going to use a spinning 373 00:21:57,820 --> 00:21:55,220 motion to see if I can catch the pole 374 00:22:00,430 --> 00:21:57,830 and in fact that's exactly what happens 375 00:22:02,320 --> 00:22:00,440 at this point the shoe is pretty stable 376 00:22:04,480 --> 00:22:02,330 in a spinning motion around the pole and 377 00:22:07,120 --> 00:22:04,490 in fact this ended up spinning for a 378 00:22:09,220 --> 00:22:07,130 total of about five minutes without the 379 00:22:11,890 --> 00:22:09,230 effect of gravity it doesn't slow down 380 00:22:13,780 --> 00:22:11,900 and settle at the bottom of the pole in 381 00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:13,790 this demonstration I take the horseshoe 382 00:22:18,250 --> 00:22:16,010 pole off of the locker and let it free 383 00:22:19,180 --> 00:22:18,260 float will I throw the shoes at it that 384 00:22:22,720 --> 00:22:19,190 didn't work too well 385 00:22:24,610 --> 00:22:22,730 in this demonstration I decide I'm going 386 00:22:26,950 --> 00:22:24,620 to throw a horseshoe at the pole in 387 00:22:30,910 --> 00:22:26,960 three different places to see how the 388 00:22:33,700 --> 00:22:30,920 pole reacts in the first demonstration I 389 00:22:36,010 --> 00:22:33,710 throw it as low as I can to the base and 390 00:22:37,990 --> 00:22:36,020 as you can see there isn't much spinning 391 00:22:41,070 --> 00:22:38,000 motion of the pole itself as it reacts 392 00:22:43,330 --> 00:22:41,080 from having the shoe thrown against it 393 00:22:47,290 --> 00:22:43,340 I'm gonna try a different technique how 394 00:22:49,900 --> 00:22:47,300 about the middle okay I begin to see the 395 00:22:54,220 --> 00:22:49,910 pole turn as it reacts to the shoe being 396 00:22:56,110 --> 00:22:54,230 thrown at it and it floats away one last 397 00:22:57,820 --> 00:22:56,120 try by throwing this horseshoe at the 398 00:23:00,190 --> 00:22:57,830 tip of the pole to see if I can get it 399 00:23:10,499 --> 00:23:00,200 to turn even more as it free floats away 400 00:23:10,509 --> 00:23:24,340 certainly seems to 401 00:23:29,120 --> 00:23:26,420 basketball is a sport that's near and 402 00:23:30,860 --> 00:23:29,130 dear to my heart here on earth and I was 403 00:23:33,050 --> 00:23:30,870 very interested in seeing how basketball 404 00:23:34,730 --> 00:23:33,060 would be different in space as you can 405 00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:34,740 see I started out with a standard free 406 00:23:39,830 --> 00:23:37,770 throw type shot and the ball just caroms 407 00:23:41,270 --> 00:23:39,840 off in a funny direction not anywhere 408 00:23:48,410 --> 00:23:41,280 close to what you would expect from 409 00:23:50,510 --> 00:23:48,420 shooting the same shot here on earth so 410 00:23:52,700 --> 00:23:50,520 I keep changing the angle from which I'm 411 00:23:54,650 --> 00:23:52,710 shooting and I'm finding that it is 412 00:24:00,620 --> 00:23:54,660 pretty darn tough to make a shot in 413 00:24:02,060 --> 00:24:00,630 space finally I look at it and and I 414 00:24:04,640 --> 00:24:02,070 think that the only way to get the ball 415 00:24:07,040 --> 00:24:04,650 in the hoop is either to come up real 416 00:24:08,690 --> 00:24:07,050 close and slam it through or to try to 417 00:24:11,150 --> 00:24:08,700 bounce it off the ceiling that's the 418 00:24:13,340 --> 00:24:11,160 only angle that seems to work and note 419 00:24:14,660 --> 00:24:13,350 that the ball stops in the in the basket 420 00:24:17,180 --> 00:24:14,670 it doesn't get pulled all the way 421 00:24:20,060 --> 00:24:17,190 through the next thing we tried was 422 00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:20,070 attaching the hoop to a free-floating 423 00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:27,120 you can see that every time I hit the 424 00:24:31,740 --> 00:24:29,890 book which is now the backboard with the 425 00:24:33,180 --> 00:24:31,750 very lightweight basketball I can 426 00:24:34,950 --> 00:24:33,190 actually make the book and the hoop 427 00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:34,960 start spinning well that makes life 428 00:24:38,850 --> 00:24:36,250 difficult when you're trying to make a 429 00:24:40,500 --> 00:24:38,860 basket up there and I ended up coming up 430 00:24:42,180 --> 00:24:40,510 with a very simple approach just hold 431 00:24:44,220 --> 00:24:42,190 the book steady otherwise it becomes 432 00:24:47,190 --> 00:24:44,230 very difficult to make a shot with a 433 00:24:48,510 --> 00:24:47,200 free-floating basket and backboard one 434 00:24:50,130 --> 00:24:48,520 of the things that's always impressed me 435 00:24:52,890 --> 00:24:50,140 here on earth was the ability of the 436 00:24:55,049 --> 00:24:52,900 professional basketball players to spin 437 00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:55,059 around and make these really neat moves 438 00:24:59,460 --> 00:24:57,010 well I was trying some of that in space 439 00:25:04,460 --> 00:24:59,470 you can see it's pretty difficult it's 440 00:25:08,549 --> 00:25:06,930 finally managed after a while after a 441 00:25:10,830 --> 00:25:08,559 number of tries to figure out a way to 442 00:25:14,159 --> 00:25:10,840 go head over heels and accomplish a slam 443 00:25:37,810 --> 00:25:14,169 dunk this is my entry into the NBA slam 444 00:25:43,220 --> 00:25:40,430 now I know on earth you think this toy 445 00:25:45,350 --> 00:25:43,230 works very well but in space we couldn't 446 00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:45,360 get it to work at all we had this thing 447 00:25:48,950 --> 00:25:47,010 floating around but without the effect 448 00:25:51,620 --> 00:25:48,960 of gravity it just doesn't work the same 449 00:25:53,030 --> 00:25:51,630 way now I took this toy looked at it for 450 00:25:54,890 --> 00:25:53,040 a number of minutes and tried to figure 451 00:25:56,570 --> 00:25:54,900 out what in the world do I do that this 452 00:25:58,010 --> 00:25:56,580 thing up here it took me a while to 453 00:26:00,470 --> 00:25:58,020 finally come up with something that 454 00:26:03,470 --> 00:26:00,480 appeared to be unique in space about 455 00:26:06,800 --> 00:26:03,480 this toy watch when I close and open up 456 00:26:08,570 --> 00:26:06,810 the Jacob's Ladder every time I did this 457 00:26:12,380 --> 00:26:08,580 the ladder would turn into a different 458 00:26:15,350 --> 00:26:12,390 configuration it was completely random 459 00:26:17,270 --> 00:26:15,360 and we the astronauts couldn't ever 460 00:26:19,730 --> 00:26:17,280 really predict what would happen when we 461 00:26:32,419 --> 00:26:19,740 pulled apart Jacob's Ladder to this day 462 00:26:36,510 --> 00:26:34,799 Here I am trying to produce standing 463 00:26:38,100 --> 00:26:36,520 compressional waves by holding one end 464 00:26:39,780 --> 00:26:38,110 still and moving the other end in and 465 00:26:41,789 --> 00:26:39,790 out the result had some transverse 466 00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:41,799 motion to it because my hand also had 467 00:26:44,760 --> 00:26:43,450 some up-and-down motion in the next 468 00:26:47,010 --> 00:26:44,770 sequence I tried to produce 469 00:26:48,840 --> 00:26:47,020 compressional waves by moving my hand in 470 00:26:50,490 --> 00:26:48,850 and out a bit faster then I tried to 471 00:26:52,710 --> 00:26:50,500 produce the same type of wave by moving 472 00:26:56,520 --> 00:26:52,720 both ends next I tried to stretch the 473 00:26:58,500 --> 00:26:56,530 wave out and then I transition to 474 00:27:01,560 --> 00:26:58,510 producing transverse waves first slowly 475 00:27:18,070 --> 00:27:01,570 and then with a higher frequency and 476 00:27:22,220 --> 00:27:20,360 these magnetic rings are really 477 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:22,230 interesting I've got them arranged on 478 00:27:28,010 --> 00:27:25,410 this plastic rod so that the poles of 479 00:27:31,010 --> 00:27:28,020 the magnets are opposite to each other 480 00:27:34,039 --> 00:27:31,020 and they repel or push away you can see 481 00:27:39,110 --> 00:27:34,049 when I release the Rings they spring out 482 00:27:41,980 --> 00:27:39,120 equally along the plastic rod and it 483 00:27:44,990 --> 00:27:41,990 doesn't matter whether I hold the rod up 484 00:27:46,730 --> 00:27:45,000 or whether I hold it down because in 485 00:27:48,770 --> 00:27:46,740 this microgravity environment there is 486 00:27:51,860 --> 00:27:48,780 no up-and-down they spread out equally 487 00:27:53,230 --> 00:27:51,870 along the plastic rod and push away from 488 00:27:55,820 --> 00:27:53,240 each other 489 00:28:00,110 --> 00:27:55,830 now I'm gonna rotate the plastic rod 490 00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:00,120 very slowly we'll see what happens the 491 00:28:04,850 --> 00:28:02,610 rod is rotating so slowly that the 492 00:28:07,159 --> 00:28:04,860 magnetic force still keeps the Rings 493 00:28:09,380 --> 00:28:07,169 pushed away from each other and the 494 00:28:14,049 --> 00:28:09,390 spacing is about equal about what it was 495 00:28:19,909 --> 00:28:17,090 now I'll rotate the rod faster now see 496 00:28:22,370 --> 00:28:19,919 what happens now the rotational force 497 00:28:35,090 --> 00:28:22,380 has overcome the magnetic force and the 498 00:28:38,970 --> 00:28:37,620 the magnetic marbles were a lot of fun 499 00:28:42,240 --> 00:28:38,980 to play with what we were looking at 500 00:28:44,159 --> 00:28:42,250 initially was how far apart can we hold 501 00:28:46,470 --> 00:28:44,169 two marbles and have them still be 502 00:28:48,330 --> 00:28:46,480 attracted to each other the first time 503 00:28:50,039 --> 00:28:48,340 we did it we had the opposite poles 504 00:28:53,460 --> 00:28:50,049 facing each other so they would be most 505 00:28:55,529 --> 00:28:53,470 attracting the second time we tried 506 00:28:57,720 --> 00:28:55,539 about the same distance apart only with 507 00:29:08,140 --> 00:28:57,730 the like pole facing each other and sure 508 00:29:12,760 --> 00:29:10,960 this time the marbles were just a little 509 00:29:20,140 --> 00:29:12,770 bit too far apart and they didn't 510 00:29:25,150 --> 00:29:23,140 I put them closer together but I started 511 00:29:27,730 --> 00:29:25,160 the one on the right in your screen with 512 00:29:29,950 --> 00:29:27,740 a little bit of motion and that motion 513 00:29:31,960 --> 00:29:29,960 was just enough to overcome the 514 00:29:39,550 --> 00:29:31,970 attractive force so they did not come 515 00:29:44,170 --> 00:29:42,130 now I'm looking at the influence of one 516 00:29:46,480 --> 00:29:44,180 marble on the other without touching it 517 00:29:48,730 --> 00:29:46,490 seeing how close I can come with one 518 00:29:50,290 --> 00:29:48,740 marble and how much I can make the 519 00:29:56,650 --> 00:29:50,300 second marble which is free floating 520 00:29:58,600 --> 00:29:56,660 spin as a result you can see that every 521 00:30:00,400 --> 00:29:58,610 time I make a pass around the marble I'm 522 00:30:03,040 --> 00:30:00,410 affecting the spin of them are going 523 00:30:07,630 --> 00:30:03,050 actually I'm even pulling it towards the 524 00:30:09,910 --> 00:30:07,640 marble in my hand now I'm looking at 525 00:30:11,500 --> 00:30:09,920 releasing one marble with two marbles 526 00:30:14,470 --> 00:30:11,510 attached together to see if there's any 527 00:30:15,820 --> 00:30:14,480 difference in the attraction it looks 528 00:30:18,070 --> 00:30:15,830 like the two marbles are pretty happy 529 00:30:24,350 --> 00:30:18,080 being by themselves and that third 530 00:30:31,130 --> 00:30:27,260 this time I'm putting the third marble 531 00:30:32,780 --> 00:30:31,140 in motion and sure enough it if it gets 532 00:30:40,310 --> 00:30:32,790 close enough it is attracted by the 533 00:30:41,960 --> 00:30:40,320 other two now I have strings of four 534 00:30:45,710 --> 00:30:41,970 marbles each and we're going to see if 535 00:30:47,720 --> 00:30:45,720 they come together that's a 536 00:30:51,860 --> 00:30:47,730 funny-looking snake-like thing we got a 537 00:30:53,330 --> 00:30:51,870 big kick out of seeing that then you tap 538 00:30:58,100 --> 00:30:53,340 it in the middle and it turns into a 539 00:31:00,200 --> 00:30:58,110 ring this time I have two sets of four 540 00:31:02,450 --> 00:31:00,210 marbles and they had the like pole 541 00:31:04,520 --> 00:31:02,460 facing each other so they were repelling 542 00:31:06,260 --> 00:31:04,530 each other and they would swing back and 543 00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:06,270 forth and back and forth and they 544 00:31:17,390 --> 00:31:09,410 actually did repel each other and 545 00:31:20,210 --> 00:31:17,400 they're pushing each other away now I've 546 00:31:22,070 --> 00:31:20,220 got one set of five marbles one big one 547 00:31:23,900 --> 00:31:22,080 in the middle and two little ones on 548 00:31:26,510 --> 00:31:23,910 either side and I'm seeing what 549 00:31:31,850 --> 00:31:26,520 influence I can have on those five with 550 00:31:38,060 --> 00:31:31,860 one small marble and look it attaches to 551 00:31:43,040 --> 00:31:40,370 this time I start with the blue face of 552 00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:43,050 the small marble and the five marbles 553 00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:44,970 together facing each other 554 00:31:48,650 --> 00:31:47,010 initially they repelled but eventually 555 00:31:51,260 --> 00:31:48,660 the attractive force overcame it and 556 00:31:52,970 --> 00:31:51,270 they came together the next thing we 557 00:31:55,910 --> 00:31:52,980 took a look at was a string of marbles 558 00:31:59,750 --> 00:31:55,920 we wanted to see how they reacted when 559 00:32:01,790 --> 00:31:59,760 we spun them around as I spin them it 560 00:32:03,680 --> 00:32:01,800 becomes more and more difficult as I go 561 00:32:05,840 --> 00:32:03,690 faster and faster for the marbles to 562 00:32:10,970 --> 00:32:05,850 stay together where do you think they're 563 00:32:13,220 --> 00:32:10,980 gonna let go now I have two rings of 564 00:32:14,840 --> 00:32:13,230 magnetic marbles I passed them very 565 00:32:17,150 --> 00:32:14,850 close to each other and they show no 566 00:32:19,940 --> 00:32:17,160 sign of attracting they seem to be very 567 00:32:23,510 --> 00:32:19,950 happy just being on their own their own 568 00:32:25,190 --> 00:32:23,520 little ring but if they get close enough 569 00:32:32,870 --> 00:32:25,200 and they're moving slowly enough they 570 00:32:37,730 --> 00:32:32,880 will attract let's try it with them very 571 00:32:40,130 --> 00:32:37,740 close together moving very slowly you 572 00:32:41,900 --> 00:32:40,140 can see they just are very happy beyond 573 00:32:44,090 --> 00:32:41,910 their own and there is not nearly as 574 00:32:58,400 --> 00:32:44,100 much attractive force as there was 575 00:33:13,070 --> 00:33:11,420 a comeback can wasn't quite as 576 00:33:15,590 --> 00:33:13,080 interesting on orbit as it is here on 577 00:33:17,630 --> 00:33:15,600 the ground I could let it go here as I 578 00:33:19,700 --> 00:33:17,640 spun it up and you can see how its 579 00:33:24,950 --> 00:33:19,710 rotation rate increases and decreases as 580 00:33:26,510 --> 00:33:24,960 the medal weight catches up I also tried 581 00:33:28,400 --> 00:33:26,520 to spin it up before I let it go and you 582 00:33:29,630 --> 00:33:28,410 can see it rotates quickly one direction 583 00:33:31,940 --> 00:33:29,640 and slightly goes the other direction 584 00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:31,950 back and forth until it comes to a stop 585 00:33:36,230 --> 00:33:34,530 but because you can't lay it on a table 586 00:33:37,970 --> 00:33:36,240 and spin it up and have it roll down the 587 00:33:53,480 --> 00:33:37,980 table or come back to you as you let it 588 00:33:55,010 --> 00:33:53,490 go it's not as interesting here in this 589 00:33:56,930 --> 00:33:55,020 first sequence with the car on track 590 00:33:58,730 --> 00:33:56,940 I had wound the car up and just let it 591 00:34:00,470 --> 00:33:58,740 go without the track and here because of 592 00:34:02,750 --> 00:34:00,480 action-reaction you see the car doing 593 00:34:04,430 --> 00:34:02,760 and end-over-end wheelie next i tried to 594 00:34:06,140 --> 00:34:04,440 get the car to run on the wall the main 595 00:34:08,120 --> 00:34:06,150 result when I release it is that the car 596 00:34:09,680 --> 00:34:08,130 Springs back toward me off the wall from 597 00:34:11,570 --> 00:34:09,690 the little force I had applied with my 598 00:34:13,340 --> 00:34:11,580 hand to hold it there getting the car to 599 00:34:15,169 --> 00:34:13,350 run on the track was a bit easier in 600 00:34:16,850 --> 00:34:15,179 space than on earth because the car 601 00:34:18,710 --> 00:34:16,860 didn't have to build up as much velocity 602 00:34:20,900 --> 00:34:18,720 to stay on the track as it did on earth 603 00:34:22,130 --> 00:34:20,910 in the second sequence I got the car 604 00:34:24,560 --> 00:34:22,140 started and then let it go 605 00:34:25,220 --> 00:34:24,570 here you see that second sequence in 606 00:34:27,650 --> 00:34:25,230 slow motion 607 00:34:29,270 --> 00:34:27,660 wherever the car is on the track the 608 00:34:33,919 --> 00:34:29,280 whole system car and track together 609 00:34:35,630 --> 00:34:33,929 moves toward that general direction next 610 00:34:40,070 --> 00:34:35,640 I started the car on the track by giving 611 00:34:41,750 --> 00:34:40,080 it a push rather than winding it up in 612 00:34:43,250 --> 00:34:41,760 this case we wanted to see how long the 613 00:34:44,750 --> 00:34:43,260 car would stay on the track if I held 614 00:34:49,310 --> 00:34:44,760 the track steady enough where I wouldn't 615 00:34:51,080 --> 00:34:49,320 bounce the car off the track even though 616 00:34:52,669 --> 00:34:51,090 I knew intuitively by the laws of 617 00:34:55,010 --> 00:34:52,679 physics that this would be the case it 618 00:34:56,930 --> 00:34:55,020 was amazing to me that any forward 619 00:34:58,210 --> 00:34:56,940 velocity of the car at all was enough to 620 00:35:00,560 --> 00:34:58,220 provide the necessary centripetal 621 00:35:20,790 --> 00:35:00,570 acceleration to keep the car on the 622 00:35:24,630 --> 00:35:22,710 here in this second sequence where I 623 00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:24,640 just push the car rather than winding it 624 00:35:29,700 --> 00:35:27,010 up in this view the car ends up stopping 625 00:35:31,680 --> 00:35:29,710 on the top of the track this was amazing 626 00:35:34,020 --> 00:35:31,690 even in space to see the car creep along 627 00:35:44,359 --> 00:35:34,030 ever so slowly and then stop and sit 628 00:35:48,049 --> 00:35:46,549 finally the car comes off the track and 629 00:36:02,470 --> 00:35:48,059 winds up in the center of the track 630 00:36:06,460 --> 00:36:04,510 next in a demonstration of centripetal 631 00:36:08,470 --> 00:36:06,470 acceleration I get the car started on 632 00:36:10,089 --> 00:36:08,480 the track and then open the track once 633 00:36:14,470 --> 00:36:10,099 there is an opening the car flies out in 634 00:36:16,150 --> 00:36:14,480 a straight line ok I just like to remind 635 00:36:18,910 --> 00:36:16,160 all the folks that are watching out 636 00:36:20,859 --> 00:36:18,920 there that especially the children that 637 00:36:23,170 --> 00:36:20,869 science applies to everything even toys 638 00:36:25,720 --> 00:36:23,180 and we hope that our demonstrations 639 00:36:28,660 --> 00:36:25,730 today have given you just a taste of 640 00:36:30,040 --> 00:36:28,670 scientific research in space and we want 641 00:36:32,859 --> 00:36:30,050 to encourage all the children out there 642 00:36:34,359 --> 00:36:32,869 that do well in science and math and to 643 00:36:37,240 --> 00:36:34,369 learn all you can about the world around 644 00:36:38,710 --> 00:36:37,250 you because we need people like you to 645 00:36:41,620 --> 00:36:38,720 design and maybe even fly the 646 00:36:43,089 --> 00:36:41,630 experiments of the future so as we say